{"id":524,"date":"2021-11-30T22:38:20","date_gmt":"2021-11-30T09:38:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/afirmo.zestydev2.co.nz\/?p=524"},"modified":"2023-05-25T11:44:23","modified_gmt":"2023-05-24T23:44:23","slug":"what-is-gst-getting-your-head-around-gst-in-new-zealand","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.afirmo.com\/nz\/resources\/what-is-gst-getting-your-head-around-gst-in-new-zealand\/","title":{"rendered":"What is GST? Getting your head around GST in New Zealand"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Do I have to register my business for GST?<\/h2>\n<p>You need to register for GST if you have a company that earns more than $60,000 a year, or you earn more than $60,000 a year as a self-employed individual.<\/p>\n<p>If you\u2019re an individual, the $60,000 threshold applies only to the income you earn that isn\u2019t liable to PAYE. For example, if you do $15,000 worth of freelancing on top of a salary that has PAYE applied to it, you don\u2019t have to register for GST. But you can if you want to.<\/p>\n<p>Some people register for GST even if they don\u2019t have to. It means they can claim GST on materials and services they use for their business. If you decide to go this way, you need to be aware that your prices to customers must include GST. Also, you are obligated to do GST returns on time, every time.<\/p>\n<h2>Where and how do I register for GST?<\/h2>\n<p>If you have to (or want to) register for GST, you will first need to log into myIR, the IRD\u2019s secure online services portal. If you\u2019ve never done this before, you\u2019ll start by registering for myIR. The IRD site tells you how to do this. Registering for myIR requires you to have your IRD number handy, along with all the usual identification information.<\/p>\n<p>Once you\u2019ve logged in to myIR, you need to select the option within your profile to \u2018Register for a new tax account\u2019. Then you\u2019ll need to know the IRD number of the person or company you are registering; your bank account number for GST refunds; business turnover (total sales) in the last 12 months; and expected turnover for the next 12 months.\u00a0 You\u2019ll also have to enter a BIC (business industry classification) code. The IRD site includes a tool to help you find this.<\/p>\n<p>Part of the registration process involves choosing how often you\u2019ll file your GST returns. In most cases, this means choosing two-monthly or six-monthly. Only businesses with sales of more than $24 million have to file GST returns every month. If you earn over $500,000 per year, you can\u2019t choose the six-monthly filing option.<\/p>\n<p>One more thing; you\u2019ll need to choose between registering for GST on a \u2018payments\u2019 or \u2018invoice\u2019 basis. Most small businesses choose \u2018payments\u2019 basis. Here\u2019s an explanation for each option:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Payments basis<\/strong> refers to the date you actually receive GST from a sale of goods or services. So if you invoice a customer on 20 August and they pay you a month later (September), the GST you collect from the invoice will be part of your bi-monthly GST return at the end of October.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Invoice basis <\/strong>refers to the date you send an invoice. So if you invoice a customer in October, you will need to include that invoice in your GST return at the end of October \u2013 before you actually receive the money. For bigger companies this is usually not a problem, however it can result in cashflow problems for small businesses, freelancers and sole traders.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>GST basics explained<\/h2>\n<p>If you register for GST, you\u2019re obliged to charge an extra 15% on top of your normal prices. So, if you\u2019re a service business that charges $90 an hour, being registered for GST means you\u2019ll have to charge $90 + 15% ($103.50 an hour). And if you\u2019re a manufacturer who makes widgets that sell for $50, you need to add 15% GST. This brings your widget cost to $57.50. To work out the GST, simply multiply your price by 1.15.<\/p>\n<p>Obviously you can play with pricing components to reach a GST inclusive price that suits your market. For example, if you want an item to cost $99.95, your ex-GST price is $86.91. There are online GST calculators to help with establishing price points.<\/p>\n<p>When you buy something \u2013 goods or services \u2013 from an individual or company that\u2019s GST registered, you will be paying GST. Everyone in New Zealand pays GST, even if they\u2019re not registered for it.<\/p>\n<p>The benefit of being registered for GST is that you may be able to claim GST back on goods or services you purchased if they are genuine business expenses.<\/p>\n<p>As a GST-registered person or business, you are collecting and paying GST all the time. So it\u2019s really important to keep a precise record of all the GST you collect and all the GST you pay. This is done through bookkeeping, aka accountancy. It also requires you to keep records of all invoices and receipts that show GST charged or paid. If you buy something from a supplier who is not GST registered, the price would not include GST so there\u2019s no GST for you to claim back on that purchase.<\/p>\n<h2>What goods and services are GST-exempt?<\/h2>\n<p>There are exceptions to every rule. With GST, there are things called \u2018zero-rated supplies\u2019, which aren\u2019t subject to GST. These include some exported and imported services, certain financial services, duty-free goods, exported goods, exported boats and aircraft, newly-refined fine metals\u2026and a whole bunch of other specific goods, services and transactions. To understand them all, it\u2019s best to refer to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ird.govt.nz\/gst\/charging-gst\/zero-rated-supplies\">IRD web-page about zero-rated supplies.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>The most common zero-rated situations relate to international transactions for selling and buying goods or services.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>If you have customers overseas who have no trading base in New Zealand, you aren\u2019t required to charge GST on services or products you sell to them. For example, if you\u2019re a freelance writer and you sell a story to a UK-based newspaper, don\u2019t add GST to your invoice.<\/li>\n<li>If you buy something for your business from an overseas supplier who has no trading base in New Zealand, you shouldn\u2019t have to pay GST on that purchase. Always check the invoice to see if there\u2019s a GST component. This zero-rated rule also applies if you are purchasing physical materials for your business, such as cushion covers from a supplier in Istanbul for your home d\u00e9cor store.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>How do I create a GST invoice?<\/h2>\n<p>When you\u2019re an individual or company that\u2019s registered for GST, your invoices are known as \u2019tax invoices\u2019. They need to include 15% GST, as well as a number of other fields:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Your trading name<\/li>\n<li>Your GST number<\/li>\n<li>Invoice date<\/li>\n<li>Due date<\/li>\n<li>A description of the goods or services that are being invoiced<\/li>\n<li>Subtotal<\/li>\n<li>Total GST @ 15%<\/li>\n<li>Total amount due NZD<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Another nice-to-have is your logo. It will make your invoice look smarter and more professional.<\/p>\n<h2>What is a GST return?<\/h2>\n<p>A GST return is a declaration of GST you have collected for a defined period and the GST you have paid when making business purchases. The difference between the two is paid to the IRD.<\/p>\n<p>For example, if you collected $500 GST on your sales for the period and you paid $100 GST on business-related purchases for the same period, the amount of you need to pay to the IRD will be $400.\u00a0 GST collected minus GST paid on eligible expenses.<\/p>\n<p>Sometimes you\u2019ll actually get money back from the IRD. This happens when the GST paid on eligible expenses is greater than the GST collected from sales. While it might feel like a good thing, you don\u2019t really want this to happen too often; it\u2019s an indicator that your business is going backwards.<\/p>\n<p>Here\u2019s a tip: Keep the GST you collect in a separate account, so that the money is there when GST return time comes around. You don\u2019t want to get caught short when it\u2019s time to file your GST return. Failure to pay GST owed can result in penalties.<\/p>\n<h2>How do I claim a GST refund?<\/h2>\n<p>You can claim GST back from the IRD when you\u2019ve purchased goods or services for your business. You can also claim GST back on bad debts where you have already paid the related GST to the IRD, but this will only apply if you are paying GST on an invoice basis, not a payments basis.<\/p>\n<p>Business expenses vary between industries. You need to be honest about what you\u2019re claiming for. For example, if you claim on a television you supposedly bought for the business, but it lives in your living room at home, you\u2019re not being honest, and you could be penalised if found out. If you\u2019re not sure if an expense is truly business-related, it might be a good idea to talk to an accountant about eligible expenses for your line of work.<\/p>\n<p>If a purchase is for both business and personal use, such as a car or a laptop, you can claim GST for the business portion of use. The IRD has a web page about GST adjustments for assets that are shared between your personal life and business life.<\/p>\n<p>Claiming GST is done when you file a GST return. GST you paid on eligible business expenses is subtracted from the GST you collected on sales.<\/p>\n<h2>How do I file a GST return?<\/h2>\n<p>Your GST return is due by the 28th of the month after the end of your taxable period. There are a couple of exceptions to this rule. For the period ending 31 March, GST returns are due by 7 May. And for returns related to the period ending 30 November, returns are due by 15 January.<\/p>\n<p>There are three ways to file a GST return. You can do it through myIR, the IRD online portal; you can file a return through some accounting software platforms, like Xero; or you can file a GST return the old-fashioned way by completing a paper form and sending it to the IRD.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>When is my GST return due?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>To help you understand when GST returns are due, here are the schedules for two-monthly and six-monthly filing:<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Two-monthly GST return filing and payment due dates:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>15 January: GST return and payment for the Period Ending (PE) 30 November<\/li>\n<li>28 February: GST return and payment for PE 31 January<\/li>\n<li>7 May: GST return and payment for PE 31 March<\/li>\n<li>28 June: GST return and payment for PE 31 May<\/li>\n<li>28 August: GST return and payment for PE 31 July<\/li>\n<li>29 October: GST return and payment for PE 30 September<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Six-monthly GST return filing and payment due dates:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>7 May<strong>:\u00a0<\/strong>GST return and payment for the PE 31 March<\/li>\n<li>29 October: GST return and payment for the PE 30 September<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Other things you should know about GST<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>GST isn\u2019t just for companies that are registered with the Companies Office. You can register for GST as a contractor, freelancer or sole trader.<\/li>\n<li>Eligible business expenses vary between industries, however you can be pretty sure that it\u2019s okay to claim for business-related vehicle expenses, business travel, rent paid for business space, business-related insurance premiums, work-related journals and magazines, utility charges related to your business space, office equipment and office stationery.<\/li>\n<li>You don\u2019t need an NZBN number to register for GST, unless you\u2019re a limited company. But you will need an IRD number.<\/li>\n<li>If you register for GST part-way through a financial year, it only applies to the income in the future \u2013 not the income you\u2019ve already earned that year.<\/li>\n<li>You can\u2019t start charging GST until you receive confirmation that you\u2019re registered for GST.<\/li>\n<li>GST has nothing to do with income tax or withholding tax. It\u2019s entirely different.<\/li>\n<li>The tax invoices you create need to be in NZ dollars.<\/li>\n<li>You can cancel your GST registration at any time by logging into myIR.<\/li>\n<li>The IRD charges a late filing penalty of $50 if you\u2019re on a payments basis. The penalty is $250 if you\u2019re on an invoices basis.<\/li>\n<li>You can switch between two-monthly and six-monthly filing in myIR.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Do I have to register my business for GST? You<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1885,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-524","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-money-and-tax"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What is GST? 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